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The is the term used to identify the throne of the Emperor of Japan. The term also can refer to very specific seating, such as the ''takamikura'' (高御座) throne in the Shishin-den at Kyoto Imperial Palace.〔Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). ''The Imperial House of Japan,'' p. 337.〕 Various other thrones or seats that are used by the Emperor during official functions, such as those used in the Tokyo Imperial Palace or the throne used in the Speech from the Throne ceremony in the National Diet, are, however, not known as "Chrysanthemum Throne".〔McLaren, Walter Wallace. (1916). (''A Political History of Japan During the Meiji Era - 1867-1912,'' p. 361. )〕 In a metonymic sense, the "Chrysanthemum Throne" also refers rhetorically to the head of state〔Williams, David. (1858). ( ''The preceptor's assistant, or, Miscellaneous questions in general history, literature, and science,'' p. 153. )〕 and the institution of the Japanese monarchy itself.〔Shûji, Takashina. ( "An Empress on the Chrysanthemum Throne?" ) ''Japan Echo.'' Vol. 31, No. 6, December 2004.〕〔Green, Shane. ("Chrysanthemum Throne a Closely Guarded Secret," ) ''Sydney Morning Herald'' (New South Wales). December 7, 2002.〕〔Spector, Ronald. ( "The Chrysanthemum Throne," ) (book review of ''Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan'' by Herbert P. Bix). ''New York Times.'' November 19, 2000.〕〔McNeill, David. ("The Sadness Behind the Chrysanthemum Throne," ) ''The Independent'' (London). May 22, 2004.〕〔McCurry, Justin. ( "Baby Boy Ends 40-year Wait for Heir to Chrysanthemum Throne," ) ''The Guardian'' (London). September 6, 2006.〕〔("The Chrysanthemum Throne," ) ''Hello Magazine.''〕 ==History== Japan is the oldest continuing hereditary monarchy in the world.〔McNeill, David. ("The Girl who May Sit on Chrysanthemum Throne," ) ''The Independent'' (London). February 23, 2005.〕 In much the same sense as the British Crown, the Chrysanthemum Throne is an abstract metonymic concept that represents the monarch and the legal authority for the existence of the government.〔Williams, David. (1858). (''The preceptor's assistant, or, Miscellaneous questions in general history, literature and science'', p. 153. )〕 Unlike its British counterpart, the concepts of Japanese monarchy evolved differently before 1947 when there was, for example, no perceived separation of the property of the nation-state from the person and personal holdings of the Emperor. According to legend, the Japanese monarchy is said to have been founded in 660 BC by Emperor Jimmu; Akihito is the 125th monarch to occupy the Chrysanthemum Throne. The extant historical records only reach back to Emperor Ōjin, who is considered to have reigned into the early 4th century.〔Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). (''Annales des empereurs du japon,'' pp. 19 )-21; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki,'' pp. 103-110; Aston, William George. (1998). (''Nihongi'', pp. 254 )-271.〕 In the 1920s, Hirohito served as Regent during several years of his father's reign, when Emperor Taishō was physically unable to fulfill his duties. However, the Prince Regent lacked the symbolic powers of the throne which he could only attain after his father's death.〔Post, Jerrold ''et al.'' (1995). ( ''When Illness Strikes the Leader,'' p. 194. )〕 The current Constitution of Japan considers the Emperor as "the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people." The modern Emperor is a constitutional monarch.〔Weisman, Steven R. ("Japan Enthrones Emperor Today in Old Rite With New Twist," ) ''New York Times.'' November 12, 1990〕 The metonymic meanings of "Chrysanthemum Throne" encompass the modern monarchy and the chronological list of legendary and historical monarchs of Japan. It is a term with fungible uses. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chrysanthemum Throne」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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